Genotypic and Phenotypic Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae

Aim: To determine the antibiotic resistance patterns, detection of carbapenemase genes in uropathogenic bacilli belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family and to correlate it with clinical data. Materials and Methods: Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of the uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae was done by using VITEK2 Compact (C) system. Multiplex PCR was used to detect blaIMP, blaKPC, blaNDM1, blaOXA −48, and blaVIM genes. Results: Out of 1602 urine samples, 417 (26%) showed significant growth, and in these 311 (74.6%) belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Escherichia coli showed a relatively low rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin (17/205; 8.3%), with the majority of the isolates showing a MIC value of ≤16 µg/mL when compared to Klebsiella spp. (55/86; 64%), with MIC values for the majority of isolates being 128 µg/mL. Klebsiella spp. showed a relatively low rate of resistance to nalidixic acid (48/86; 55.8%) when compared with E. coli isolates (179/205; 87.3%). Out of 145 isolates tested, we found blaNDM in 11 (7.58%), bla OXA −48 in 8 (5.51%), bla VIM in 4 (2.75%), bla KPC in one (0.6%) and blaIMP in none of the isolates. Of these 3 isolates were carbapenem sensitive, the rest were resistant. Conclusion: Most of the isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin, carbapenems and resistant to cephalosporins and nalidixic acid. We detected carbapenemase genes in 13 (59%) out of 22 carbapenem resistant isolates and 3 (2.4%) out of 123 carbapenem sensitive isolates.