Green Synthesis and Characterization of Sauropus androgynus-Mediated Ag and Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: Enhanced Antiproliferative Activity Against MDA-MB468 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer is the most regular carcinoma death cause with nearly 6.9% death cases globally. Even the most advanced treatment approaches fails to reduce the mortality of breast cancer. The present work demonstrates biofabrication of silver (AgSA) and silver/zinc oxide (Ag/ZnOSA) nanoparticles and their cytotoxic potentiality on the human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The nanoparticles synthesized using Sauropus androgynus (L.) extract were analyzed for their surface and morphological properties through BET, PXRD, FESEM, EDS, and FTIR techniques. The results obtained confirmed the presence of agglomerated and spherical shaped AgSA and Ag/ZnOSA nanoparticles with size in the range of 25.32 to 47.42 nm. The in-vitro anticancer study accomplished using MDA-MB468 TNBC cells shown the augmented antiproliferative potentiality of Ag/ZnOSA nanoparticles in comparison to pure AgSA nanoparticles (60.35 ± 0.94 to 86.21 ± 0.23). Besides, the AO-EB dual staining method revealed apoptosis of TNBC cells at early stages. Moreover, the biocompatibility of synthesized nanoparticles was found to be up to 94.28 ± 0.001%. Also the nanoparticles exerted antioxidant activity with a radical quenching percentage up to 87.92 ± 0.001. This study is the first to report the biosynthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites via S. androgynus and their potent cytotoxicity against TNBC cells, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for future anticancer nanotherapeutics.