Impact of a six-month yoga intervention on cognitive performance among desk-based workers: An interrupted time-series design

Aim: This study investigates the impact of a six-month yoga intervention on cognitive function among sedentary office workers. The intervention aims to counteract cognitive decline and mitigate health risks such as reduced mental agility, increased stress levels, and the potential for chronic conditions associated with prolonged sitting. Methods: Thirty desk-based employees participated in a validated yoga program that included five weekly sessions, focusing on asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), and meditation. Cognitive performance was assessed using “Inquisit Lab” computerized tests, evaluating executive functions such as working memory, inhibition, and attention. These assessments were conducted at four-time points: baseline at 0th months, 3rd months, and post-intervention at 6th and 9th months. Results: Out of 30 participants, 24 completed the study (80 % completion rate). The cohort had an average age of 26.5 years, a mean weight of 67.5 kg, a height of 1.73 m, and a BMI of 22.6 kg/m². After the intervention, there were significant improvements in reaction time and accuracy on cognitive tasks. Specifically, the Eriksen Flanker test showed marked improvements in reaction time (F statistic: 13.505, p < 0.001) and accuracy (F statistic: 49.19, p < 0.001) by the 6th month, while the N-back memory test revealed significant improvements in reaction time (F statistic: 17.352, p < 0.001) but no significant change in accuracy. Compared to baseline 0th and 3rd months, these enhancements were most prominent at the 6th and 9th-month time points. Conclusions: The findings suggest that regular yoga practice over six months can enhance cognitive function, particularly in areas such as working memory, inhibition, and attention, potentially offsetting the adverse cognitive effects of prolonged sedentary behaviour. This has implications for improving workplace productivity and employee well-being. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods is recommended to understand better the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of yoga on mental health in office workers.