Influence of physical and material parameters on switching current density in perpendicular STT-MTJ: a micromagnetic study

Switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is considered to be coherent according to the macrospin model but above a critical characteristic length (R_c) this process becomes incoherent. As a result, switching becomes a complex process and affects the switching current density (J_c). We designed a spin transfer torque (STT) based single barrier perpendicular MTJ (SMTJ) and observed the influence of the junction size and exchange stiffness constant (A_ex) on the switching process through micromagnetic simulations performed on Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF). It was found that coherent switching occurred only for junction diameter ≤20nm and showed dependence on A_ex as well. The influence of damping constant and anisotropy on J_c is studied and the mechanism of magnetic reversal through domain formation is revisited in this work. Furthermore, Double barrier MTJ (DBMTJ) stack was designed, which showed increased STT efficiency in switching time with a requirement of J_c lower by 42.86% compared to SMTJ.