Influence of Ultrasound on the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketorolac Tromethamine in Vitro Across Rat Skin

Sandip B. Tiwari; Raveendra M. Pai; N. Udupa

doi:10.1080/10717540490265261

Influence of Ultrasound on the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketorolac Tromethamine in Vitro Across Rat Skin

Sandip B. Tiwari, Raveendra M. Pai, N. Udupa

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The influence of ultrasound on percutaneous absorption of ketorolac tromethamine was studied in vitro across rat skin. Sonication was carried out with a continuous mode, at an intensity of 1-3 W/cm² and a frequency of 1 MHz for 30 min. A significant increase in permeation of ketorolac through rat skin was observed with the applied sonication at 3 W/cm² when compared with permeation at 1 and 2 W/cm². Enhanced ketorolac penetration at 3 W/cm² can be explained by the mechanical and/or thermal action of ultrasound waves. The distance of the ultrasound probe from the skin surface did not influence the flux of the drug. Pretreatment of skin by 5% d-limonene in ethanol for 2 hr followed by sonication at 3 W/cm ² (30 min) significantly enhanced the permeation of ketorolac when compared with passive flux with or without enhancer pretreatment.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	47-51
Number of pages	5
Journal	Drug Delivery: Journal of Delivery and Targeting of Therapeutic Agents
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/10717540490265261
Publication status	Published - 01-2004

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Pharmacology

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10.1080/10717540490265261

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abstract = "The influence of ultrasound on percutaneous absorption of ketorolac tromethamine was studied in vitro across rat skin. Sonication was carried out with a continuous mode, at an intensity of 1-3 W/cm2 and a frequency of 1 MHz for 30 min. A significant increase in permeation of ketorolac through rat skin was observed with the applied sonication at 3 W/cm2 when compared with permeation at 1 and 2 W/cm2. Enhanced ketorolac penetration at 3 W/cm2 can be explained by the mechanical and/or thermal action of ultrasound waves. The distance of the ultrasound probe from the skin surface did not influence the flux of the drug. Pretreatment of skin by 5% d-limonene in ethanol for 2 hr followed by sonication at 3 W/cm 2 (30 min) significantly enhanced the permeation of ketorolac when compared with passive flux with or without enhancer pretreatment.",

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Influence of Ultrasound on the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketorolac Tromethamine in Vitro Across Rat Skin

Abstract

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