Investigating dental structure response to air abrasion: a finite element analysis

Air abrasion particles, propelled by a compressed air stream, remove material from the tooth’s surface. The air abrasion parameter plays an important role in removing the strains or plaque from the teeth. The research outcomes shed light on the stress distribution within dental structures using the finite element approach. Enamel, as the hardest and outermost layer of the tooth, consistently bears the highest stress levels during air abrasion procedures, regardless of whether the impact pressure is set at 80 or 100 psi. While enamel takes the initial force, it gradually transfers these forces to the dentin layer beneath, a denser but slightly less hard tissue. For abrasive particles falling within the 40 μm to 100 μm size range, an impact pressure of 80 psi is found to strike an optimal balance between effective material removal and minimizing damage to dental structures. However, when working with larger particles exceeding 100 μm, increasing the impact pressure to 100 psi becomes preferable to maintain efficiency and precision. The results of this research provide valuable guidance for enhancing dental procedures with a strong focus on patient safety and the maintenance of dental health. It underscores the importance of thoughtfully adjusting parameters like particle size and impact pressure to attain favourable treatment results while prioritizing the health and comfort of patients.