Key technologies for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass

The demand for and use of fossil fuels have grown proportionally due to growing human activity, particularly in industry and transportation, leading to major environmental problems. This inspired scientists and scholars to create new sources of alternative energy. Therefore, this analysis discusses the possibilities for producing biofuels, the difficulties associated with different feedstock and recent developments in process technology. It has been determined that producing biofuels from agricultural residue, micro and macroalgae and other biomass wastes employing thermo-bio-chemical processes results in the production of biodiesel, ethanol, bio-oil, syngas, H2 and CH4. The development of biofuels and their application in commerce and transportation significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels. An examination of the scientific literature revealed that a highly effective and appealing technique could produce biofuels from energy crops and microalgae. There is tremendous potential for the commercial generation of biofuels utilizing recent genetic engineering advancements. As a result, it is crucial to convert biomass into biofuels by inventing innovative technologies to improve biofuel production to meet current and future energy demands. However, its large-scale biofuel, hydrogen, methane and energy production is still complicated.