Knowledge and attitudes toward transgender community among speech-language pathologists in India: A questionnaire-based exploration

Background: During the transition process, transgender individuals may require voice and communication services. Speech-language pathologists are increasingly involved in rendering clinical services and assisting transgender clients in voice and communication therapy. Previous studies in different countries have highlighted the lack of competence expressed by the speech-language pathologists toward serving the members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities. Presently, no such findings are available in the Indian context. Thus, a need was felt for identifying the concerns toward treatment for transgender individuals in speech-language pathology settings in India. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, comfort levels and attitudes of speech-language pathologists practicing in India regarding the transgender community. Method: An online survey method was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes among speech-language pathologists working in India toward the transgender community. Results: The findings of the study revealed higher comfort levels as compared to self-rated knowledge levels in addressing issues related to transgender healthcare. Evidence-based practices toward transgender healthcare emerged as the topic needing more information. The study also helped to identify several moral beliefs and practices for voice therapy for the transgender population. Conclusion: There is a strong need to educate the speech language pathologists toward transgender healthcare in order to promote better cultural competence. The findings of the present study help to identify the lacunae in knowledge as well as to highlight the need to have continuing education programs in this area.