Laser-induced graphene (LIG): Fabrication, challenges, and opportunities

In recent times, graphene-based biosensors have gained a wide range of interest because of their unique optical, physical, thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties, which have contributed to high-selective and ultrasensitive benefits for biosensing applications. Graphene-based nanoparticles are evolving as a factual two-dimensional nanomaterial with critical parameters such as excellent conductivity, mass production, ease of functionalization, high surface area, and mechanical strength. Herein, we report a laser-ablated approach for generating graphene-based nanoparticles on a flexible substrate known as laser-induced graphene (LIG). It is mainly a porous carbon material fabricated using a laser source. This chapter summarizes topical advancements in the design and development of LIG in diverse applications, along with the challenges and limitations. It also briefly discusses the existing research gaps by understanding comprehensive SWOT analysis and future prospects of LIG-based sensors.