Lifestyle modification with physical activity promotion on leptin resistance and quality of life in metabolic syndrome - a systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective: This study focused to systematically extract, summarize and analyse the data on the effect of lifestyle modification on leptin resistance and quality of life in metabolic syndrome. Methods: The systematic search was done using PubMed, Cochrane Database, EMBASE, Science Direct, CINAHL, Springer link, Web of Science from 2000-2018. English language articles and quantitative studies focusing on leptin resistance and quality of life were included. Random effect analysis was adopted to pool data and estimate 95% CI. The meta-analysis was done separately for leptin resistance and quality of life which included a total of 9 studies on both RCTs and Non-RCTs. Results: The meta-analysis of RCTs reported insignificant effect of lifestyle modification on leptin resistance in metabolic syndrome when compared to comparison group (-5.94(-14.28, 2.41). Two clinical trials showed a significant effect with pooled data (5.52(2.14, 8.91). Meta-analysis of RCTs focusing on quality of life showed significant effect on mental component (4.89 (0.16, 9.62) of quality of life (2.36 (-3.67, 8.39) when compared to comparison group. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that lifestyle modification has a potential to improve leptin resistance and mental component of quality of life in metabolic syndrome. However, more clearly defined studies are required to come to a stronger conclusion.