Magnesium acetyltaurate and ocular neurodegenerative diseases: A review

Aim: This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Magnesium Acetyltaurate (MgAT) in managing ocular neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which are associated with significant risks of vision loss and blindness. Objective: The objective is to analyze MgAT’s pharmacological profile, mode of action, and its antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and calcium-balancing effects in the context of ocular diseases, while identifying its therapeutic potential and limitations. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) to gather relevant data on MgAT’s pharmacological properties and applications. The search focused on experimental and clinical studies published between 1990 and 2024, using keywords such as “magnesium acetyltaurate,” “ocular diseases,” “neuroprotection,” and “antioxidant.” Results: MgAT demonstrated multiple therapeutic properties in ocular diseases. It exhibited neuroprotective effects on retinal neurons, helped reduce glaucomatous changes, mitigated retinal damage caused by hyperglycemia in DR, and inhibited inflammation in AMD. MgAT’s combination of magnesium and taurine resulted in enhanced antioxidant and cellular protective effects. It also plays a crucial role in regulating calcium homeostasis, which is essential for maintaining optimal retinal function. Conclusion: MgAT shows significant promise as a therapeutic agent for ocular diseases, particularly in reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and retinal cell damage. Further research regarding the long-term effectiveness of MgAT and its assimilation into current treatment approaches can improve its use in ophthalmic practice.