Many-Objective Whale Optimization Algorithm for Engineering Design and Large-Scale Many-Objective Optimization Problems

In this paper, a novel Many-Objective Whale Optimization Algorithm (MaOWOA) is proposed to overcome the challenges of large-scale many-objective optimization problems (LSMOPs) encountered in diverse fields such as engineering. Existing algorithms suffer from curse of dimensionality i.e., they are unable to balance convergence with diversity in extensive decision-making scenarios. MaOWOA introduces strategies to accelerate convergence, balance convergence and diversity in solutions and enhance diversity in high-dimensional spaces. The prime contributions of this paper are—development of MaOWOA, incorporation an Information Feedback Mechanism (IFM) for rapid convergence, a Reference Point-based Selection (RPS) to balance convergence and diversity and a Niche Preservation Strategy (NPS) to improve diversity and prevent overcrowding. A comprehensive evaluation demonstrates MaOWOA superior performance over existing algorithms (MaOPSO, MOEA/DD, MaOABC, NSGA-III) across LSMOP1-LSMOP9 benchmarks and RWMaOP1-RWMaOP5 problems. Results validated using Wilcoxon rank sum tests, highlight MaOWOA excellence in key metrics such as generational distance, spread, spacing, runtime, inverse generational distance and hypervolume, outperforming in 71.8% of tested scenarios. Thus, MaOWOA represents a significant advancement in many-objective optimization, offering new avenues for addressing LSMOPs and RWMaOPs’ inherent challenges. This paper details MaOWOA development, theoretical basis and effectiveness, marking a promising direction for future research in optimization strategies amidst growing problem complexity.