Measuring Sustainable Development of Cities Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies: A Review

The United Nations (UN) established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address global concerns such as poverty, inequality, and the consequences of climate change. Unsustainable socioeconomic growth connected to population expansion, urbanisation, and industrialization are putting tremendous ecological strain on Earth's ecosystems. Authorities throughout the globe are seeking long-term solutions to these problems. At various temporal and spatial dimensions, remote sensing enables the measurement, integration, and display of important information for successful governance. The research examines the resilience of Earth Observation data for SDG continuous planning, monitoring, and assessment. The scientific community has achieved significant advancements in delivering geospatial information at multiple spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolutions, allowing the information to be used for various purposes. This research also examines the use of big data from earth observation to accomplish the SDGs using a multidisciplinary approach. It examines publications from many scientific domains that use geospatial data for mapping, monitoring, and analysing the earth's characteristics and processes and establishing the foundation for its use in achieving the SDGs.