Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for therapeutic uses: From bench to clinics

By assisting in the removal of ongoing barriers to cancer therapy, nanotechnology may help develop more potent, secure, and reasonably priced treatments. The majority of medication delivery systems based on nanotechnology are still in the preclinical research stage, while some are currently on the market and others are undergoing clinical trials. Thanks to encouraging in vivo outcomes in small-animal disease models, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have garnered growing attention as drug carriers, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. While recent in vitro studies show that MSNs are particularly intriguing for gene delivery applications, most examples have included the use of tiny hydrophobic medicines. Preclinical (in vivo) research findings that contradict one another and the nontranslatable circumstances used in the in vitro experiments are to blame for this. The hopeful cellular research, however, may really be repeatable in vivo, according to current research. Thus far, published research has shown that the toxicity of MSNs depends on their unique characteristics, including size, charge, surface chemistry, and shape. In this sense, it is necessary to modify or adjust the surface features of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to enhance the biocompatibility of these adaptable new drug delivery systems (DDSs). This chapter compiles the most recent findings on MSN-based DDSs, focusing on biosafety, surface functionalization, tunability, and clinical translation. This will support a researcher's comprehension of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and assist them in overcoming the obstacles that arise in their development from bench to bedside.