Microfluidic-based nanobiosensors: perception, materials, and challenges

The development of microfluidic-based nanobiosensors has advanced significantly in recent years due to the pressing need for them to be integrated with point-of-care testing in various fields, including healthcare, environment, energy harvesting, biomedical, electronics, and the food industry. In order to create biosensors with high selectivity, peculiarity, and responsiveness, bioreceptors such as cells, enzymes, and antibodies must be appropriately sensed. Without nanomaterials, conducting any application in science or technology is impossible. Due to their distinctive electrical, thermal, chemical, optical, mechanical, and physical properties, nanomaterials are distinguishable from tiny particles employed in many applications. A microfluidic-based nanobiosensor refers to the fusion of biosensors and nanostructured materials. For sensing, monitoring, and identifying infections, viruses, and bacteria, these little nanobiosensors are transforming the medical field. The typical method is complex, expensive, time-consuming, and requires high-end equipment and trained personnel. Additionally, automating and integrating are a difficult procedure. As a result, there is a high need to create nanobiosensors that may be utilized in conjunction with the POCT module to evaluate actual samples. Additionally, with the development of portable ultrasensitive devices made possible by nano- and biotechnology, it can be said that this is likely one of the best ways to address the issues raised above in relation to the need for quick, affordable, and susceptible devices for the analysis of biomedical diagnostics, energy harvesting, the environment, food and water, agriculture, and the pharmaceutical industry.