Microplastics everywhere: A review on existing methods of extraction

Microplastics (MPs) are a ubiquitous pollutant. They take the form of fibers, fragments, microbeads, pellets, and foams, slowly choking up waterways, the atmosphere, and, eventually, the food chain. As the need for analysis and removal of these polymers takes on a role of utmost importance, it becomes imperative to know the methods by which these micro-pollutants can be extracted from the environmental matrices in which they appear. This review aims to compile the various methods of MP extraction available in literature. With general methods like density separation and the oil extraction protocol listed alongside research on process-based separation using ultrasound and fluid dynamics, there may be a way to create a standardized protocol for the mass extraction of MPs from any environmental matrix.