Motor Types and Their Suitability Analysis in Aerospace Applications

Electric motors play a critical role in space applications, requiring high efficiency, durability, and reliability under extreme conditions. Various tasks, including orientation control, propulsion, autonomous robotic operations, unfolding or extension systems, soft landing, rovers, actuators, etc., require electric motors. Motors play an important role in deciding the efficiency, cost, weight and overall performance, making it essential to compare different types. Electric propulsion systems are suitable for applications that include orbit transfer and deep space missions. Brushless DC motors, permanent magnet-based motors, reluctance motors, asynchronous motors, stepper motors and various novel hybrid designs are used in aerospace applications. Magnetic bearings help to solve issues with lubrication and increase motor lifespan. This paper examines the challenges and prospects of electric motors for functions in space applications. A simulation analysis with a PM-assisted synchronous motor is presented here, which demonstrates that it is a viable option for space applications.