Multifactorial balance rehabilitation in diabetic neuropathy elders: Randomized controlled trial

Objectives: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, particularly affecting the elderly and increasing their risk of falls due to impaired balance. This study investigates the effect of a multifactorial balance rehabilitation program on postural stability, fall risk, and quality of life in elderly individuals with DPN. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 150 elderly participants (aged 60–80) diagnosed with DPN were enrolled. Comprehensive demographic data were collected, diabetic foot assessments were performed, and key outcome measures included postural sway parameters, fall risk, and quality of life. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the study group underwent a 12-week multifactorial balance rehabilitation program (3–5 days a week), while the control group received standard medical care and advice. Results: The study identified statistically significant improvements in postural sway parameters (AP sway Z = −3.16, ML sway Z = −2.20, COP length Z = −6.27, COP area Z = −2.25), a substantial reduction in fall risk (F (1, 134) = 263.42), and enhanced quality of life, as measured by physical health domain of WHOQOL-BREF (D1F (1, 134) = 3.94) and MDQoL 17 (F (1, 134) = 7.67), among the study group participants (p < .05). Conclusion: Following the 12-week multifactorial balance rehabilitation program, participants in the study group demonstrated notable improvements in postural stability, reduced risk of falls, and improved quality of life compared to the control group.