Natural organic and inorganic–hydroxyapatite biopolymer composite for biomedical applications

Regenerative medicine is becoming a fast-growing technique in today's scenario for biomedical advancement. Researchers around the globe has suggested the involvement of naturally synthesized biomaterials for repairing and healing damaged cells. Already chemically synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been used for bone tissue engineering. But the low stability and durability of HAp have reduced their feasibility of application in the biomedical sector. These disadvantages of chemically and physically synthesized hydroxyapatite led to the use of natural biowaste, and biopolymer for the synthesis of HAp. Biologically synthesized HAp are potential replacement in biomedical engineering and regenerative drugs. These HAp are readily biodegradable, biocompatible correlated to macromolecules, making them easy for the incorporation in inorganic materials. The review article provides comprehensive knowledge about the various naturally derived biopolymers, especially HAp. The methods of preparing implants contain natural biopolymers and calcium phosphate composites used in various biomedical applications, such as bone tissue engineering, cartilage, vascular graft, and other implantable biomedical devices.