Nephroprotective Potential of Sinigrin Against Gentamicin Induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats: A Preclinical Evaluation

Background: Oxidative stress is pivotal in the etiopathogenesis of renal damage instigated by drugs, and it is reported that compounds with antioxidant potential can attenuate the drug-induced renal toxicity. Sinigrin, a constituent glucosinolate of Brassica nigra seeds, has proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity, proposing its potential use in mitigating drug induced oxidative damage. Aim: The present study evaluates the ameliorative potential of sinigrin against gentamicin induced oxidative renal damage. Methods: Adult Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Gentamicin 80 mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneally for 8 days to induce nephrotoxicity. Sinigrin, the test drug, was given orally at doses of 10, 15, and 25 mg/kg starting 3 days prior to and continued for 8 days along with gentamicin. The serum sample was collected for biochemical estimation of creatinine, urea, uric acid, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and Malondialdehyde (MDA). The kidney sections were examined for histopathological evaluation. The findings are expressed as mean ± SEM, subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Pretreatment and co-administration of sinigrin with gentamicin attenuated the elevations in serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, BUN, and MDA. Histopathological findings corroborated with the biochemical evidence. Sinigrin showed signs of tubular regeneration, mitigating gentamicin induced renal tubular necrosis. Conclusion: The findings imply that pretreatment and co-administration of sinigrin have a noteworthy protective effect in an animal model of gentamicin-induced renal damage, and more research on the underlying mechanism of action is required. Major Findings: Sinigrin markedly mitigated gentamicin-induced oxidative damage in rat kidneys demonstrated by improvements in biochemical parameters and histological findings. These findings confirm sinigrin’s nephroprotective potential and warrant further study of its mechanism.