Novel first-order and second-order current-mode filters using multiple-output operational transconductance amplifiers

In this paper, a general structure using dual-output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) is explored to derive new first-order and second-order multi-function filters using OTAs with multiple current outputs and with and without grounded capacitors. Two first-order all-pass filters that have been obtained are presented, together with an analysis of nonidealities of OTAs, viz., finite bandwidth and parasitic output and input resistance and capacitance. Second-order multi-function filters obtained by using OTA-C simulated inductances in the proposed general structure are also presented. The realization of quadrature oscillator using the proposed first-order all-pass networks is also considered. Detailed analysis of nonideal frequency performance of the OTAs as well as finite output and input impedances is presented. SPICE simulation results are also given for the proposed circuits.