Optical properties of bismuth tellurite glasses doped with holmium oxide

The study of polarizability, optical basicity, and electric susceptibility carried out on the new and very rare set of bismuth - tellurite glasses doped with Ho³⁺ ions were fabricated by the conventional melt quenching process. The non-crystalline nature was confirmed by X-ray diffractometer measurements. Physical properties such as rare earth ion concentration, interionic distance, polaron radius, and average tellurium - tellurium separation were investigated by appropriate formulae. By UV absorption spectra, optical properties of Ho³⁺ ions doped glasses were found in the wavelength limit from 400 to 700 nm. The optical properties like optical dielectric constant, electronic polarizability, metallization criterion, electronegativity, optical basicity, and electric susceptibility were measured with appropriate mathematical relations. The impact of Ho³⁺ ions on nonlinearity in optical parameters discloses bismuth tellurite glass as a new applicant for holmium doped fiber amplifier applications.