Organic quantum dots: An ultrasmall nanoplatform for cancer theranostics

Tumours are the second leading cause of death globally, generating alterations in biological interactions and, as a result, malfunctioning of crucial genetic traits. Technological advancements have made it possible to identify tumours at the cellular level, making transcriptional gene variations and other genetic variables more easily investigated. Standard chemotherapy is seen as a non-specific treatment that has the potential to destroy healthy cells while also causing systemic toxicity in individuals. As a result, developing new technologies has become a pressing necessity. QDs are semiconductor particles with diameters ranging from 2 to 10 nanometers. QDs have grabbed the interest of many researchers due to their unique characteristics, including compact size, large surface area, surface charges, and precise targeting. QD-based drug carriers are well known among the many nanocarriers. Using QDs as a delivery approach enhances solubility, lengthens retention time, and reduces the harmful effects of loaded medicines. Several varieties of quantum dots used in drug administration are discussed in this article, along with their chemical and physical characteristics and manufacturing methods. Furthermore, it discusses the role of QDs in biological, medicinal, and theranostic applications.