Peptide and protein hybrid biomaterials for hemostasis

The essentially distinguished structural, morphological, and functional parameters of peptides and proteins based hybrid biomaterials divulge us in designing their hybrids for various drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Their self-assembling, biodegradable, and multifunctional nature in conjugation with leveraged mechanical properties enable us to exploit the nano-dimensional scaffolds for targeted applications. Specifically, hemostasis and wound-healing mechanisms assimilate the physical, biological, and mechanical properties of peptides and proteins hybrids via direct thrombin generation, activation of the coagulation cascade and hemostatic factor delivery. The potential synergy between peptide and protein components to enhance hemostatic efficacy adhere to their biocompatibility, involved in the coagulation cascade or platelet activation. Their hybrid material design in terms of structural and stimuli-responsive elements to enable controlled release or self-assembly by appropriate crosslinking methods to stabilize the hybrid material and control its mechanical properties. The controlled synthesis and characterization, along with in vitro and in vivo testing, optimization and modification affect the clinical and future trends of their real-time applications. This chapter briefs about the peptide and protein hybrid biomaterials for hemostasis by going through the aforementioned concepts.