Performance evaluation of bacterial concrete for enhanced strength and self-healing capabilities

Cracking is one of the major factors that reduces the durability and service life of concrete structures. In recent years, bacterial self‑healing concrete has emerged as a sustainable solution to enhance crack healing and improve structural performance. This study investigates the mechanical properties and crack healing behavior of bacterial concrete incorporating Bacillus megaterium. Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate compressive strength, crack healing efficiency, and microstructural characteristics of bacterial concrete. The results indicate that bacterial concrete exhibited improved mechanical performance compared with conventional concrete. The 28‑day compressive strength reached approximately 33.8 MPa, demonstrating the positive effect of microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation in densifying the concrete matrix. Microstructural analysis using SEM‑EDS confirmed the formation of calcium carbonate deposits within cracks, which contributes to effective self‑healing behavior. The study highlights the potential of bacterial concrete as an eco‑friendly and sustainable material for enhancing durability and extending the service life of concrete structures.