TY - JOUR
T1 - Photoluminescence and third-order nonlinear optical limiting properties of Sn1-xNdxO2 thin films deposited via spray pyrolysis
AU - Hind, P. Asha
AU - Patil, Parutagouda Shankaragouda
AU - Gummagol, Neelamma B.
AU - Goutam, U. K.
AU - Rajendra, B. V.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by UGC-DAE CSR, Mumbai Center , India for the financial aid provided through project no. UDCSR/MUM/AO/CRS-M-315/2020/352 and MAHE Manipal-UNSW Sydney Australia sanctioning seed fund for collaborative research work. Dr. P.S. Patil expresses his gratitude to Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, for Core Research Grant (EMR/2017/003632). The authors are grateful to Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), MAHE, Manipal, for providing the basic infrastructure and characterization facilities for this research work. Authors thank RRCAT Indore center for providing XPS characterization facility. The authors are also indebted to Dr. Sudha. D. Kamath for facilitating the photoluminescence analysis of the samples.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by UGC-DAE CSR, Mumbai Center, India for the financial aid provided through project no. UDCSR/MUM/AO/CRS-M-315/2020/352 and MAHE Manipal-UNSW Sydney Australia sanctioning seed fund for collaborative research work. Dr. P.S. Patil expresses his gratitude to Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, for Core Research Grant (EMR/2017/003632). The authors are grateful to Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), MAHE, Manipal, for providing the basic infrastructure and characterization facilities for this research work. Authors thank RRCAT Indore center for providing XPS characterization facility. The authors are also indebted to Dr. Sudha. D. Kamath for facilitating the photoluminescence analysis of the samples.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
PY - 2023/9/15
Y1 - 2023/9/15
N2 - In the present work, spray pyrolysis method was adopted to synthesis nano thin films of Sn1-xNdxO2 (x = 0.01 to 0.1) possessing tetragonal structure with (1 1 0) plane orientation. Nd doping reduced the overall crystallinity of the films, however Sn0.92Nd0.08O2 film showed crystallite size of 18.7 nm, similar to that of the pure film. The morphology changed to distinct grains at lower doping concentration, beyond which a fibrous nature evolved but again changed to smaller grains with further increase in the doping. The oxidation states of the constituent elements were confirmed using XPS. The transmittance of the films reduced due to incorporation of Nd ions. A decrease in the energy band gap was also noticed in the films following dopant addition. The PL emissions corresponding to the Nd ion transitions was found in the NIR region resulting from internal 4f-shell transitions of Nd3+ ions. Other defect related emissions like the one from oxygen vacancies also showed up in the UV and visible wavelength regions, which were responsible for a near white light emission. The third-order optical nonlinearity of the films was confirmed using the Z-scan technique. All the Sn1-xNdxO2 films till 8 at. % of doping showed reverse saturable absorption. The highest and lowest nonlinear absorption coefficient was exhibited by Sn0.92Nd0.08O2 and Sn0.98Nd0.02O2 films, respectively. Depending on the Nd concentration, the films either showed self-focusing or self-defocusing behavior and influenced the nonlinear refractive indices of the films. The least optical limiting values among the doped films was obtained in the range of 1.73 kJ/cm2 for Sn0.92Nd0.08O2 films.
AB - In the present work, spray pyrolysis method was adopted to synthesis nano thin films of Sn1-xNdxO2 (x = 0.01 to 0.1) possessing tetragonal structure with (1 1 0) plane orientation. Nd doping reduced the overall crystallinity of the films, however Sn0.92Nd0.08O2 film showed crystallite size of 18.7 nm, similar to that of the pure film. The morphology changed to distinct grains at lower doping concentration, beyond which a fibrous nature evolved but again changed to smaller grains with further increase in the doping. The oxidation states of the constituent elements were confirmed using XPS. The transmittance of the films reduced due to incorporation of Nd ions. A decrease in the energy band gap was also noticed in the films following dopant addition. The PL emissions corresponding to the Nd ion transitions was found in the NIR region resulting from internal 4f-shell transitions of Nd3+ ions. Other defect related emissions like the one from oxygen vacancies also showed up in the UV and visible wavelength regions, which were responsible for a near white light emission. The third-order optical nonlinearity of the films was confirmed using the Z-scan technique. All the Sn1-xNdxO2 films till 8 at. % of doping showed reverse saturable absorption. The highest and lowest nonlinear absorption coefficient was exhibited by Sn0.92Nd0.08O2 and Sn0.98Nd0.02O2 films, respectively. Depending on the Nd concentration, the films either showed self-focusing or self-defocusing behavior and influenced the nonlinear refractive indices of the films. The least optical limiting values among the doped films was obtained in the range of 1.73 kJ/cm2 for Sn0.92Nd0.08O2 films.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85164438948
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85164438948&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.06.263
DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.06.263
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85164438948
SN - 0272-8842
VL - 49
SP - 30060
EP - 30075
JO - Ceramics International
JF - Ceramics International
IS - 18
ER -