Predominance and influence of vitamin D deficiency on glycemic and lipid indices in type 2 diabetes patients: A case-control study

Objective: To investigate the existence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among Type 2 diabetes, nondiabetes individuals and its effect on both glycemic and lipid profiles. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 200 subjects of both genders (100 Type 2 diabetes and 100 nondiabetes individuals) aged 40-60 years. Fasting serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH) D) levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), TC/HDL, and very LDL were estimated. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated. Group comparisons were done by one-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test and Student’s independent t-test. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. Correlation was done by Pearson’s analysis. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly (p<0.001) low in diabetes group. The prevalence of VDD and the percentage of insufficient and sufficient categories was significantly (p<0.001) high and low, respectively, in diabetes group. In the deficient category, diabetes group had severe VDD with significantly low-HDL and elevated TGs and there was an insignificant but negative association between serum vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL, TC/HDL, and AIP among diabetes patients. Conclusion: The occurrence of severe VDD coupled with the independent association of the same with the glycemic and lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetes may further add to the aggravation of complications.