Prevalence of anaemia and its determinants among elderly population residing in a rural community: A cross-sectional study

Background Anaemia in the elderly is a significant public health issue in India and globally. Early detection is crucial for preventing complications and enhancing the quality of life. This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of anaemia among the elderly in a rural community. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three villages in Karnataka, India, involving 408 elderly participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, morbidity, treatment, potential risk factors for anaemia, diet, independence in daily activities, cognitive impairment, and quality of life. Anthropometric parameters such as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Haemoglobin was estimated using TrueHb haemoglobinometer (Wrig Nanosystems Private Limited) and classified as per the World Health Organization guidelines. Data were analysed using Jamovi (Wrig Nanosystems Private Limited) version 2.4.1. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify the determinants of anaemia, reporting unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study revealed that 298 (73.0%) of the elderly participants were anaemic, with nearly two-thirds being females. Among the anaemic, 44.0% had mild anaemia, 52.3% had moderate anaemia, and 3.7% had severe anaemia. Multivariable analysis showed that the elderly with anaemia were likely to have multiple morbidities (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.09–2.99), a past history of anaemia (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.34–7.30), impaired chewing ability (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02–3.18), and cognitive impairment (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.28–8.76). Conclusion The prevalence of anaemia among the elderly in this rural community is notably high. This study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions for elderly individuals with specific risk factors. Early identification and tailored interventions for at-risk groups, particularly those with multiple morbidities, could significantly improve the management of anaemia and overall health outcomes. Implementing community-based comprehensive health screenings, nutritional interventions, and enhancing healthcare accessibility are recommended. Trial registration This study was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) with the registration number CTRI/2023/03/050198.