Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in a rural south Indian population

PURPOSE. To determine the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the associated risk factors in a rural population in southern India. METHODS. Subjects aged 40 years or more (n = 3934) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Glaucoma was diagnosed according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology classification. RESULTS. Complete data were available for 3924 subjects (response rate, 81.75%). In eyes with normal suprathreshold visual fields, the mean intraocular pressure was 14.29 ± 3.32 mm Hg (97.5th and 99.5th percentiles, 21 and 25 mm Hg, respectively). The mean vertical cup-to-disc ratio was 0.39 ± 0.17 (97.5th and 99.5th percentiles, 0.7 and 0.8, respectively). Sixty-four subjects had definite POAG (1.62%, 9.5% CI 1.42-1.82); 30 were men and 34 were women. Subjects with POAG (59.85 ± 10.43 years) were older (P < 0.001) than the study population (53.78 ± 10.71 years). In only one (1.5%) person was POAG diagnosed before the study. Two (3.12%) subjects were blind due to POAG; 21 (32.81%) subjects had a presenting IOP >21 mm Hg, and 43 (67.19%) had an IOP <21 mm Hg. The mean central corneal thickness in subjects with POAG (502.82 ± 35.29 μm) was not different from that of the normal study population (505.93 ± 31.11 μm). No association was found with diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, gender, and myopia. Increasing IOP (per mm Hg) was associated with the disease (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16). The odds for POAG increased with advancing age after adjustment for gender. CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of POAG in this population was 1.62%. The prevalence increased with age, and 98.5% were not aware of the disease.