Progress in cobalt oxide nanomaterials in the realm of super capacitive energy storing device applications: A review

Modern energy consumption is constantly increasing, necessitating the need for more electrochemical energy storage systems to meet the growing requirements. According to recent research, supercapacitors (SCs) represent a significant advancement for energy storage applications to meet this growing demand. They are now considered as materials for the future due to the flexible nature of the inherent cobalt oxide, along with its other qualities. This review addresses the significant advancements in the several phases of cobalt oxides (CoO and Co₃O₄) and the different allotropic and morphological nanoforms that have been utilised extensively over the past ten years. The introduction of the several dopants that increase their performance is also presented. Furthermore, compositing cobalt oxide with its various other counterpart electrode materials like carbon materials, other transition metal oxides and conducting polymers is also discussed. The synergistic effects of compositing with these materials is discussed, which is a promising area for future research in device applications. Device configurations of cobalt oxides along with strategies to improve device performance and challenges in measurement of capacitance are also discussed. Additional information about the fundamentals of batteries and SCs are also covered, with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of each counterpart.