Promising novel drug delivery approaches in the development of therapeutics for schizophrenia disease management

Schizophrenia is classified as a threatening mental condition in which people distort realities. It can include hallucinations, delusions, and profoundly disturbed thought and behavior that interferes with daily functioning and can be harmful. It affects about 1% of the world's population. Its treatment remains unfulfilled; therefore, researchers set out to create novel therapeutic compounds that could help with its management. Due to the disease's nature and unpleasant side effects, compliance and adherence rates are profoundly low and significant causes of recurrence. Even though newer antipsychotic medicines provide greater efficacy and minimal adversity profile, antipsychotic drug delivery system are still similar to conventional dosing states. Furthermore, the traditional distribution of combinational antipsychotics has various drawbacks, including drug-related toxicity, poor therapeutic effects, adverse pharmacological outcomes, and difficulty penetrating the BBB. The present review provides insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, applicable to current antipsychotics for disease management. In addition, several formulations of entrapped therapeutics, including injectables, oral, intranasal, and transdermal methods, are highlighted to analyze further the feasibility of ways to develop effective drug delivery systems for schizophrenia patients.