Real-Time GSM-Supported Live Subterranean Optical Cable Flaw Diagnosis and Locating System

The swift proliferation of subterranean optical fiber networks has intensified the demand for effective, real-time problem detection and localization to guarantee continuous data transfer. This work introduces a real-time GSM-based system for the diagnosis and location system for flaw occurrence in underground Optical Fiber Cables (OFC), which is engineered to autonomously detect and report faults like cable bends, fractures, or attenuation losses in subterranean optical communications. The suggested system combines a phototransistor-based optical sensing device with a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and GSM module for immediate failure notification. Upon the occurrence of a discontinuity or signal leakage, the photodetector detects anomalous light emission, prompting the microcontroller to initiate an automated SMS warning that specifies the position of the afflicted segment. Experimental validation demonstrated that the system identifies errors with high precision, reacts within two to three seconds, and delivers dependable real-time warnings under controlled conditions. The prototype's detection range is confined to sensor points, although it provides a scalable and cost-effective alternative to conventional Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) systems. The findings illustrate the viability of implementing sophisticated GSM-enabled optical monitoring for proactive repair of subterranean fiber infrastructures, markedly decreasing downtime and operational expenses.