TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent advances in nanoformulation development of Ritonavir, a key protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV-AIDS
AU - Jitta, Srinivas Reddy
AU - Bhaskaran, Navya Ajitkumar
AU - Marques, Shirleen Miriam
AU - Kumar, Lalit
AU - Kumar, Lalit
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are thankful to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India for providing financial assistant to Srinivas Reddy Jitta in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) (project Ref. no. 45/73/2018-Nan/BMS, dated 4 June 2019). The authors are thankful to the Department of Pharmaceutics of Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka- 576104 for providing the conveniences to carry out the research work in this area of research.
Funding Information:
This paper was not funded. The authors are thankful to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India for providing financial assistant to Srinivas Reddy Jitta in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) (project Ref. no. 45/73/2018-Nan/BMS, dated 4 June 2019). The authors are thankful to the Department of Pharmaceutics of Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka- 576104 for providing the conveniences to carry out the research work in this area of research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Introduction: AIDS is one of the world’s most serious public health challenges. Protease inhibitors are key components of AIDS treatment regimen. Ritonavir is a well-known protease inhibitor with low aqueous solubility belonging to BCS class II category. Some of the severe adverse effects associated with this drug restricted its use in the treatment of AIDS. However, several attempts were made by researchers in the past to enhance the oral bioavailability of Ritonavir. Areas covered: The current review mainly focuses on the adverse effects of Ritonavir and recent approaches followed by researchers on the development of nanoformulations of Ritonavir. Further, various patents filed on Ritonavir have also been discussed in the current review. Expert opinion: Most research on nanoformulation development for Ritonavir is mainly focused on enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of the drug. Some of the researchers focused on the lymphatic targeting of the drug in order to bypass the hepatic metabolism of the drug. However, most of the research topics did not cover the toxicity evaluation of the developed formulation. Since the major issue of Ritonavir is not only oral bioavailability but also drug-induced toxicity, this area needs to be considered during the formulation development.
AB - Introduction: AIDS is one of the world’s most serious public health challenges. Protease inhibitors are key components of AIDS treatment regimen. Ritonavir is a well-known protease inhibitor with low aqueous solubility belonging to BCS class II category. Some of the severe adverse effects associated with this drug restricted its use in the treatment of AIDS. However, several attempts were made by researchers in the past to enhance the oral bioavailability of Ritonavir. Areas covered: The current review mainly focuses on the adverse effects of Ritonavir and recent approaches followed by researchers on the development of nanoformulations of Ritonavir. Further, various patents filed on Ritonavir have also been discussed in the current review. Expert opinion: Most research on nanoformulation development for Ritonavir is mainly focused on enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of the drug. Some of the researchers focused on the lymphatic targeting of the drug in order to bypass the hepatic metabolism of the drug. However, most of the research topics did not cover the toxicity evaluation of the developed formulation. Since the major issue of Ritonavir is not only oral bioavailability but also drug-induced toxicity, this area needs to be considered during the formulation development.
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U2 - 10.1080/17425247.2022.2121817
DO - 10.1080/17425247.2022.2121817
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36063032
AN - SCOPUS:85138300546
SN - 1742-5247
VL - 19
SP - 1133
EP - 1148
JO - Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
JF - Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
IS - 9
ER -