Remediation Strategies of Xenobiotics in Urban Soil and Water

Chemicals that are alien to animal existence are called xenobiotics, and this class includes things like plant elements, medications, insecticides, cosmetics, condiments, scents, food additives, industrial chemicals and environmental contaminants. Growing fear is being expressed over the incidence of these pollutants, which can be caused by anthropogenic activities in numerous environmental media (soil, sediments, groundwater and surface water). The lack of information on the probable repercussions of existence, fate and eco-toxicity of xenobiotics makes it a more severe problem. Numerous investigations have been carried out to ascertain how they affect both humans and animals. This is essential for getting rid of them from the wastewater and soil. It is difficult to completely eradicate these compounds in wastewater treatment facilities because of their complex structures and low concentrations. Additionally, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are unable to completely remove polypropylene copolymer (PPCP), prompting the creation of innovative solutions for enhanced performance. Numerous approaches, including bioremediation, have been established for removal of these compounds from the environment. This chapter discussed the xenobiotics found in urban soil and wastewater as well as current removal approaches emphasising on joined remediation solutions. Various xenobiotic sources, as well as their removal activities, toxicity and risks to people and environment have been well-discussed.