Root Canal Morphological Variations of Mandibular Third Molars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: To evaluate the variations in the root canal morphology of mandibular third molars (M3M) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: A total of 186 CBCT images were analyzed to assess the root and root canal morphology of M3M using Vertucci classification. Gender influence on morphology was also examined. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Results: Most M3M exhibited two roots, followed by a single root and three roots, with no significant difference in number of roots between sexes on either side (p=0.512 and p=0.598). Three canals were most common in both sexes, but four canals were significantly more common in males on the right side. No significant sex difference was observed for the left side (p=0.245). Distal roots predominantly showed Type I canal configuration on both sides, while mesial roots exhibited Type IV on the right and Type I on the left. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars in the South Indian population had two roots and three canals, with four canals more common in males on the right. Distal root mostly exhibited Type I canal configuration, whereas mesial root varied, highlighting the importance of understanding the complexity for endodontic treatment planning.