Scenario of anthropometric variables with leptin in diabetic subjects free from micro and macro vascular disease

Increased amount of adipose tissue or its disproportionate distribution between central and peripheral body regions is related to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus. To assess the relationship of various anthropometric variables and leptin with the glycemic index intype 2 diabetic subjects who have still no developed any micro and macrovascular disease. A cross sectional study conducted in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka region, which comprises of 229 diabetic subjects free from any micro and macro vascular disease, matched with the controls was recruited for the study. The demographic data show that the diabetic population had a higher weight, Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC) and leptin with regard to the normal subjects matched and were statistically significant between the groups. BMI showed no much variation between the groups. In diabetic study group the leptin showed positive correlation with all the anthropometric parameters like WC(r=0.198, p <0.01), HC(r=.299, p<0.01), BMI(r=.315, p<0.01) and also with HbA1c(r=.269.p<0.01). This correlation was lost in the normal study group. (Except for a weaker positive correlation BMI(r=.141, p<0.05). Though the clinical appearance of vascular complications does not exist, the correlation between leptin and anthropometric variable clearly suggests that the positive link between obesity (inflammation) and metabolic syndrome exists even before the appearance of clinical manifestation of the vascular complications. This leads to increased inflammation, tissue injury and complications of obesity which is most predominant in diabetic state.