Self regulated devices for diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is one of the important diseases involving the endocrine pancreas. Its major manifestations include disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia. Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) represents a heterogeneous group comprising milder form of diabetes that occur predominately in adults. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a severe form associated with ketosis in the untreated state. Exogenous insulin is required to reverse the catabolic state, prevent ketosis and reduce glucogonemia and elevated blood glucose level. The inability of periodical exogenous insulin injection to prevent the serious consequences of diabetes mellitus is appreciated world wide. This review highlights the progress in the development of such systems for diabetes mellitus. This review is limited to the devices that are totally self-contained and do not require external intervention.