Solvent-driven stability: UV spectroscopy study of phenolic substances

In contemporary industry, the analysis of various substances often requires handling samples with appropriate solvents, relying on stock solutions for research purposes. This study investigates the stability of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. The study explored the stability of these materials in different solvent environments and at varied temperatures, highlighting the critical role of solvent choice and temperature in preserving compound integrity. Gallic acid, quercetin, and ellagic acid were each dissolved at a concentration of 5 µg/mL in different solvents. UV spectroscopic analysis was conducted periodically over one month, with samples stored in controlled environments. Stability was assessed by examining UV absorption spectra, and data were analyzed using statistical methods. The results indicated that the choice of solvent significantly impacted compound stability. Gallic acid showed the highest stability in ethanol (100%) and DMSO (10%) at both room and refrigerated temperatures. Ellagic acid demonstrated optimal stability in DMSO (10%), with variability in other solvents. Quercetin exhibited the highest stability in DMSO (10%), while ethanol showed significant variability. Refrigeration enhanced stability across all solvents. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate solvents and storage conditions to preserve the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The results offer valuable insights for improving the stability of stock solutions in pharmaceutical development and quality control, providing crucial information for enhancing the preservation of APIs.