Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome in a case of multiple myeloma - A rare occurrence

We describe a case of a 40-year-old male patient who was found to have multiple myeloma with spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome (TLS), following a compression fracture of the L-2 vertebrae. Multiple myeloma was confirmed by bone marrow analysis and the M-band on serum protein electrophoresis. Hyperuricaemia (26.2 mg/dL), hyperkalaemia (> 7.0 mEq/L), hyperphosphatemia (16.2 mg of phosphorus/dL), normocalcemia and acute kidney injury, prior to anticancer treatment suggested spontaneous TLS. Inciting events for tumour lysis, such as chemotherapy, dehydration and exposure to steroids were absent. Patient received hydration, hypourecemic drugs and haemodialysis. This case report highlights the rare presentation of multiple myeloma with spontaneous TLS.