Stem cell treatments for female reproductive disorders: a comprehensive review

Stem cell research is advancing rapidly, offering substantial promise in reproductive medicine, particularly in addressing infertility and other reproductive disorders. Although recent advances have generated significant interest, the successful translation of stem cell treatments from preclinical research settings to clinical practice requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and methodological approaches. This review assesses the current state of stem cell applications in the field of reproductive medicine, emphasizing current research and development, as well as the associated challenges. Adult stem cell-based interventions show considerable potential for treating reproductive tract disorders, mainly ovarian and endometrial regeneration. Despite these promising developments, the transition to widespread clinical implementation is hampered by several challenges, including its heavy reliance on preclinical animal data. The promise of stem cell therapy is considerable, however, validated mechanisms need to be developed that can fully harness their therapeutic capabilities in clinical settings. This review consolidates and evaluates the evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of various stem cell sources, emphasizing their benefits and drawbacks. Although stem zcell therapies have substantial potential for rejuvenating organ dysfunction, future research studies should focus on defining methodological enhancements, such as improving stem cell delivery methods and ensuring long-term safety, to overcome current limitations.