Structure Property Optimization of Solvothermally Synthesized Indium-Based Metal–Organic Framework Composites Using Supervised Machine Learning

Indium metal–organic frameworks (In-MOFs) were prepared by a solvothermal method with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the coordinating solvent. Due to its high boiling point and strong coordination ability, DMF can effectively control metal–ligand interactions to obtain highly crystalline frameworks with uniform crystal nuclei. The addition of DMF greatly improves the uniformity and stability of the resulting In-MOFs. In this study, an In-MOF composite was successfully prepared by a simple and efficient solvothermal method to enhance supercapacitor performance. Important fabrication variables such as MOF loading (8-10 wt.%), conductive additive loading (5-15 wt.%), binder concentration (0.5-1.5 wt.%), applied pressure (100-150 MPa), electrolyte concentration (1-2 M), and temperature (60-70 °C) were varied to assess their effect on specific capacitance, energy density, and power density. The In-MOF composite with optimal composition showed superior electrochemical properties with a high specific capacitance of 594.23 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. An asymmetric supercapacitor device constructed using the In-MOF composite as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode showed an energy density of 39.94 Wh/kg and a power density of 209.95 kW/kg. For sustainable and data-driven development of energy storage solutions.