Study on the Characteristics of Ramie Fiber Reinforced Lead oxide Particulates Epoxy Matrix Composite

This study explores the mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal behavior of ramie fiber-reinforced epoxy composites modified with lead oxide (PbO) nanoparticles, aiming to develop a sustainable alternative to synthetic fiber materials. Five composite formulations (S2–S10) were fabricated by varying the epoxy and PbO content. Among them, sample S6, containing 6 wt% lead oxide, exhibited the best overall performance with a tensile strength of 47.51 MPa, flexural strength of 51.42 MPa, impact energy of 16.59 J, and Shore D hardness of 59. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that S6 achieved the highest storage modulus of 3985 MPa at 95°C and a peak tan delta of 0.19, indicating improved stiffness and damping behavior. Thermogravimetric analysis showed S6 retained 10% of its mass at 500°C, confirming enhanced thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed uniform nanoparticle dispersion and strong fiber–matrix interfacial bonding in S6. These results underscore the potential of PbO-enhanced ramie composites as high-performance, sustainable materials suitable for advanced engineering applications.