Subject-specific finite element modelling of the intervertebral disc using T2 mapped MRI

Computational studies of spinal segments provide valuable insights into understanding the biomechanics of the spine. Including subject-specific models with actual geometry in this form of analysis has considerably improved the accuracy of predictions. CT scan is preferred for developing such models, as it enables automated geometry extraction of complicated bone structures with precision. But, it does not provide any hint to model the vital soft tissues like the intervertebral disc or the ligaments that control the behavior of the spinal segment. It is essential to have a subject-specific model of the intervertebral disc as it is the primary focus of most of the research in this domain. MRI is an alternative source that provides the details of actual disc geometry, but it cannot be used for modelling in its default form. In this paper, a simple approach is presented to develop the subject-specific numerical model of the intervertebral disc by adjusting the process parameters of a T2 mapped MRI scan, which is bound to produce a realistic response.