Survival at one year following surgery for intertrochanteric and femoral neck fractures in the elderly: A retrospective comparison

Background: Hip fractures in the elderly, particularly intertrochanteric (IT) and neck of femur (NOF) fractures, have become a significant health concern worldwide, especially in rapidly aging populations like India. These injuries are associated with high morbidity and mortality, often affecting patients’ mobility, independence, and quality of life. Surgical intervention is the standard treatment, but outcomes vary depending on the fracture type, comorbidities, and surgical timing. This study aims to assess survival outcomes one year after surgery for hip fractures, comparing intertrochanteric and femoral neck fractures in patients over 60 years of age. It seeks to identify the influence of fracture type, comorbidities, and the time between injury and surgery on survival rates. Methods: It is a retrospective cohort study conducted on 667 patients over 60 years who underwent surgery for hip fractures from January 2017 to December 2021. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data, which considered fracture type, comorbidities, and surgical procedures. Results: The mean age was 74.61 years, with 53.4 % females. Slip and fall was the primary injury mode. Survival rates at one year were 91.1 % for IT fractures and 89.4 % for NOF fractures, with no significant difference. Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with lower survival. A longer interval between injury and surgery was associated with higher mortality. Surgical procedure type did not significantly affect survival. Conclusion: Survival rates at one year are comparable between IT and NOF fractures. Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and delayed surgery significantly impact survival. Early surgical intervention is crucial for improving outcomes in elderly hip fracture patients.