Synergistic interactions of fungi and biochar for various environmental applications

Biochar is a product of pyrolysis of organic waste and mainly consists of carbon and minerals. It has various synthesis methods, properties, and environmental applications. Fungi and Biochar have their own properties and mechanisms of working in several environmental applications and bioremediation. The properties of Biochar are modified by fungi, which has the potential to significantly improve its effectiveness in environmental applications. This chapter aims to explore the properties of Biochar and the various methods of synthesis, as well as the numerous environmental applications it can be used for. We will explore the synthesis of Biochar and how these methods and change in different parameters can affect the physical and chemical properties. Like Biochar, fungi also have a variety of applications in the vast domain of bioremediation. The main focus of this chapter is on the synergistic effects of combining biochar and fungi in different formulations, which have proved to be beneficial for environmental remediation, pollutant degradation, disease suppression, and enhancing productivity. The interaction between Biochar and fungi has the capability to enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and bioremediation processes, leading to beneficial environmental changes and boosts efficiency and sustainability. They prove to be beneficial when both Biochar and fungi used in a combination and individually.