Synthesis methods of magnetic nanoparticles

There has been a lot of interest in the synthesis of various magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Most of the papers written about MNPs over the past few years have detailed effective methods for producing shape-controlled, extremely stable MNPs with a narrow size distribution. One type of nanoparticle (NP) that is manipulable with magnetic fields is the MNP. Such particles usually comprise two parts: a functional chemical component and a magnetic component, which frequently are iron, nickel, and cobalt. Scientific interest in iron oxide-based NPs and their potential applications in many different fields have grown significantly. Due to its unique magnetic properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of availability, magnetite has been the subject of extensive research. Since the size, shape, and surface chemistry of nanoscale magnetite directly influences its behavior, precise control over the synthesis of NPs is necessary to produce high-quality products for the intended end uses. Numerous chemical, physical, and biological techniques are used in industries and laboratories and can be found in literature. However, in recent times, unconventional techniques have surfaced to offer hitherto unheard-of synthesis performances in terms of more precisely controlled morphologies, sizes, and size distribution. In particular, microfluidic techniques are a potential technology that can address some of the main shortcomings of traditional bulk techniques, such as the need for smaller volumes of reagents, waste reduction, accurate fluid mixing control, and simplicity of automation. This chapter aims to present the main properties, applications, and synthesis methods of magnetite as well as the latest advancements in the field.