T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease: a case series

Nitin Gupta; Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi Kiran; Anjely Sebastian; Muralidhar Varma; Tirlangi Praveen Kumar

doi:10.1093/trstmh/traf119

T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease: a case series

Nitin Gupta
, Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi Kiran
, Anjely Sebastian
, Muralidhar Varma
, Tirlangi Praveen Kumar

Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to southern India. METHODS: We present a case series of five PCR-confirmed patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were measured using flow cytometry alongside detailed clinical assessment. RESULTS: All five patients with candidiasis had CD4 counts <300 cells/µl, and four had CD8 counts <200 cells/µl. None had other known immunosuppressive conditions. CONCLUSION: CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia are consistent and clinically relevant features among patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis, suggesting transient mucosal immune suppression as a potential pathogenic mechanism.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	408-410
Number of pages	3
Journal	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume	120
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf119
Publication status	Published - 01-04-2026

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Parasitology
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

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10.1093/trstmh/traf119

Cite this

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title = "T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease: a case series",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to southern India. METHODS: We present a case series of five PCR-confirmed patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were measured using flow cytometry alongside detailed clinical assessment. RESULTS: All five patients with candidiasis had CD4 counts <300 cells/µl, and four had CD8 counts <200 cells/µl. None had other known immunosuppressive conditions. CONCLUSION: CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia are consistent and clinically relevant features among patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis, suggesting transient mucosal immune suppression as a potential pathogenic mechanism.",

author = "Nitin Gupta and Kiran, \{Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi\} and Anjely Sebastian and Muralidhar Varma and Kumar, \{Tirlangi Praveen\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information pl",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease

T2 - a case series

AU - Gupta, Nitin

AU - Kiran, Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi

AU - Sebastian, Anjely

AU - Varma, Muralidhar

AU - Kumar, Tirlangi Praveen

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information pl

PY - 2026/4/1

Y1 - 2026/4/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to southern India. METHODS: We present a case series of five PCR-confirmed patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were measured using flow cytometry alongside detailed clinical assessment. RESULTS: All five patients with candidiasis had CD4 counts <300 cells/µl, and four had CD8 counts <200 cells/µl. None had other known immunosuppressive conditions. CONCLUSION: CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia are consistent and clinically relevant features among patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis, suggesting transient mucosal immune suppression as a potential pathogenic mechanism.

AB - BACKGROUND: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to southern India. METHODS: We present a case series of five PCR-confirmed patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were measured using flow cytometry alongside detailed clinical assessment. RESULTS: All five patients with candidiasis had CD4 counts <300 cells/µl, and four had CD8 counts <200 cells/µl. None had other known immunosuppressive conditions. CONCLUSION: CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia are consistent and clinically relevant features among patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis, suggesting transient mucosal immune suppression as a potential pathogenic mechanism.

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JO - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

JF - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ER -

T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease: a case series

Abstract

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