Ternary Cu₂ZnSnS₄/MoS₂/CNT- Heterostructure as a High-performance Supercapacitor Electrode Material

Flexible and high-performance supercapacitors are emerging as pivotal components in next-generation energy storage systems. In this work, a novel ternary Cu₂ZnSnS₄/MoS₂/CNT (CZTS/MoS₂/CNT) heterostructure was synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for its electrochemical performance. Structural and morphological analyses (XRD, Raman, SEM, and TEM) confirmed the formation of a well-integrated heterostructure with uniform anchoring of CZTS and MoS₂ nanoparticles on conductive CNT networks, fostering enhanced charge transport and ion diffusion. The ternary composite exhibited an impressive specific capacitance of 273.2 F g⁻¹ at 1.25 A g⁻¹, significantly outperforming pristine CZTS (141.9 F g⁻¹) and binary CZTS/MoS₂ (154.8 F g⁻¹). Furthermore, it demonstrated exceptional energy and power densities of 97.13 Wh kg⁻¹ and 1.076 kW kg⁻¹, respectively, along with 98% capacitance retention over 1000 cycles. The superior performance arises from the synergistic interplay of MoS₂’s redox-active surfaces and CNT’s high electrical conductivity, which together enhance electrochemical reversibility and mechanical robustness. This facile, scalable, and eco-friendly synthesis approach underscores the CZTS/MoS₂/CNT heterostructure as a promising electrode material for flexible and sustainable supercapacitor applications.