TY - JOUR
T1 - The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
AU - Raghu, Jetti
AU - Raghuveer, Vasudeva C.
AU - Rao, Mallikarjuna C.
AU - Somayaji, Nagabhooshana S.
AU - Babu, Prakash B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Manipal University for the provision of infrastructure and Indian Council of Medical Research for financial support (No: 5/8/4-7 (Env) /10-NCD-1.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride exposure is also detrimental to soft tissues and organs. The present study aimed at evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and ascorbic acid on learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride exposure. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1 control. Groups 2 to 5 received 100 ppm of sodium fluoride over 30 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were further treated for 15 days receiving respectively 1% gum acacia solution, 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid, and 100mg/kg body weight Ginkgo biloba extract. After 45 days, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests. The results showed that fluoride affected learning and memory. Fluoride causes oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, thereby affecting learning and memory. Ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba were found to augment the reversal of learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride ingestion.
AB - Chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride exposure is also detrimental to soft tissues and organs. The present study aimed at evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and ascorbic acid on learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride exposure. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1 control. Groups 2 to 5 received 100 ppm of sodium fluoride over 30 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were further treated for 15 days receiving respectively 1% gum acacia solution, 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid, and 100mg/kg body weight Ginkgo biloba extract. After 45 days, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests. The results showed that fluoride affected learning and memory. Fluoride causes oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, thereby affecting learning and memory. Ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba were found to augment the reversal of learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride ingestion.
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U2 - 10.2478/intox-2013-0032
DO - 10.2478/intox-2013-0032
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84898468033
SN - 1337-6853
VL - 6
SP - 217
EP - 221
JO - Interdisciplinary Toxicology
JF - Interdisciplinary Toxicology
IS - 4
ER -