TY - JOUR
T1 - The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2
T2 - A comprehensive review
AU - Das, Subham
AU - Ramachandran, Anu Kunnath
AU - Birangal, Sumit Raosaheb
AU - Akbar, Saleem
AU - Ahmed, Bahar
AU - Joseph, Alex
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors, Subham Das and Sumit Birangal, are thankful to Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) for the provision of Dr. T.M.A. Pai Doctoral Fellowship. Author Anu K.R is thankful to All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi for financial assistance in the form of National Doctoral Fellowship (NDF). Author Saleem Akbar is thankful to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). The authors also acknowledge with thanks the Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases and Jamia Hamdard for the provision of facilities for this work. The authors also thank BioRender.com.
Funding Information:
Authors, Subham Das and Sumit Birangal, are thankful to Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) for the provision of Dr. T.M.A. Pai Doctoral Fellowship. Author Anu K.R is thankful to All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi for financial assistance in the form of National Doctoral Fellowship (NDF). Author Saleem Akbar is thankful to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). The authors also acknowledge with thanks the Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases and Jamia Hamdard for the provision of facilities for this work. The authors also thank BioRender.com .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Recently, the pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicated by a pulmonary infection in humans, has become one of the most significant challenges for public health. In the current fight against coronavirus disease-2019, the medical and health authorities across the world focused on quick diagnosis and isolation of patients; meanwhile, researchers worldwide are exploring the possibility of developing vaccines and novel therapeutic options to combat this deadly disease. Recently, based on various small clinical observations, uncontrolled case studies and previously reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1 chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have attracted exceptional consideration as possible therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are reports on little to no effect of CQ or HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, and many reports have raised concerns about their cardiac toxicity. Here, in this review, we examine the chemistry, molecular mechanism, and pharmacology, including the current scenario and future prospects of CQ or HCQ in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
AB - Recently, the pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicated by a pulmonary infection in humans, has become one of the most significant challenges for public health. In the current fight against coronavirus disease-2019, the medical and health authorities across the world focused on quick diagnosis and isolation of patients; meanwhile, researchers worldwide are exploring the possibility of developing vaccines and novel therapeutic options to combat this deadly disease. Recently, based on various small clinical observations, uncontrolled case studies and previously reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1 chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have attracted exceptional consideration as possible therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are reports on little to no effect of CQ or HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, and many reports have raised concerns about their cardiac toxicity. Here, in this review, we examine the chemistry, molecular mechanism, and pharmacology, including the current scenario and future prospects of CQ or HCQ in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100085
DO - 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100085
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85103716519
SN - 2590-0986
VL - 10
JO - Medicine in Drug Discovery
JF - Medicine in Drug Discovery
M1 - 100085
ER -
